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Introduction: This study aimed to assess the Scanning Electron Microscope [SEM] analysis of tooth surface irradiated by erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet [EnYAG] laser with various parameters
Methods: Number of 25 extracted human third molars free of caries were used in this study.
The teeth were put into 5 groups for laser irradiation as follows: group 1 [power: 0.5 W, Energy: 50 mj]; group 2 [power: 1 W, Energy: 100 mj]; group 3 [power: 1.5 W, Energy: 150 mj]; group 4 [power: 2 W, Energy: 200 mj]; group 5 [power: 2.5 W, Energy: 250 mj]. All samples were prepared by repetition rate of 10 Hz and duration of 230 us, using a non-contact handpiece at a distance of 4 mm. Then, the samples were prepared for SEM examination
Results: SEM evaluation of every 25 samples, treated by EnYAG, showed that all groups had exposed dentinal tubules without any melted area or cracks
Conclusion: In this study we used SEM to investigate ablated dentine with different parameters of EnYAG laser energy. Our findings support these conclusions. All powers of laser below 3 W are proper for ablation, and make no cracks
Subject(s)
Humans , Electron Microscope Tomography , Tooth , DentinABSTRACT
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare microhybride composite treated by bur and different power of Erbium, Chromium doped Yttrium Sc and ium Gallium Garnet [Er, Cr:YSGG] laser by Scanning Electron Microscope [SEM]. Methods: 21 microhybride composite blocks [DiaFil TM, DiaDent, Korea] with 2 × 4 × 4 mm dimensions were made. The bonding surface of these blocks were polished, The samples were put into 6 groups for laser irradiation as follows: Group 1 [power: 1W, Energy: 50 m/l]; Group 2[power: 2 W, Energy: 100m/l]; Group 3 [power: 3W, Energy: 150m/l]; Group 4 [power: 4W, Energy: 200m/l]; Group 5 [power: 5W, Energy: 250m/l] and Group 6[power:6 W, Energy:300m/l]. One group prepared by bur- treated. All samples were prepared by repetition rate of 20 Hz. Then, the samples were prepared for SEM examination. Result: Some irregularities were seen in Er, Cr:YSGG laser samples in comparison to Bur group that produced favorable surface for adhesion of repair composite. Conclusion: Among different lasers, Er;Cr:YSGG laser can be chosen as a suitable technique for surface treatment of unsatisfactory composites
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Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the composite surface treated by different powers of Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet [Er:YAG] laser in comparison with bur preparation via scanning electron microscope. Methods: Fourteen composite resin blocks with 15× 10 × 10 mm dimensions were used in this study. The samples were divided to seven groups as follow: Group 1 [power: 1 W, Energy: 50 m/l]; Group 2 [power: 2 W, Energy: 100 m/l]; Group 3 [power: 3W, Energy: 150 m/l]; Group 4 [power: 4 W, Energy: 200 m/l]; Group 5 [power: 5W, Energy: 250 m/l]; Group 6 [power: 6 W, Energy: 300 m/l]; Group 7: Diamond bur. Then, the samples were prepared for SEM examination. Results: The surface treated by Er:YAG laser showed irregular and micro porous surface. Conclusion: It seems that composite surface treatment by Er:YAG laser can be an alternative method for composite repair if suitable parameters are used
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Introduction: Epulis granulomatosa is a lesion which grows from an extraction socket. It can be misdiagnosed with lesions of the same clinical appearance such as: foreign body or pyogenic granuloma, or as a herniation of the maxillary sinus. The most common treatment is surgical excision. Case report: The present article reports an Epulis granulomatosa which was removed with diode laser [810 nm] due to child's fear related to traditional surgical instruments and bleeding. Results and Conclusion: Lasers are useful for soft tissue surgery in modern dentistry, especially in relation to pediatric patients due to the rapid and regular wound healing without sutures
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Oral mucositis is considered a severe complication in cancer patients receiving radiotherapy or chemotherapy for head and neck cancer. The aim of this review study was to assess the effect of low level laser therapy for prevention and management of oral mucositis in cancer patients. The electronic databases searched included Pubmed, ISI Web of Knowledge and Google scholar with keywords as "oral mucositis", "low level laser therapy" from 2000 to 2013. The results of most studies showed that photobiomodulation [PBM] reduced the severity of mucositis. Also, it can delay the appearance of severe mucositis. Low level laser therapy is a safe approach for management and prevention of oral mucositis
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Providing desirable smile is one of the main concerns in cosmetic dentistry. Hyperpigmentation is one of the esthetic concerns especially in gummy smile patients. Lasers with different wavelength are used for oral surgery including Carbon Dioxide Laser [CO2], Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet [Nd:YAG], Erbium family and diode laser. In this case, all esthetic procedures including gingival depigmentation, caries detection and removal were done by laser technology in one session. A 40- year-old male with a chief complaint of black gingiva in upper jaw was referred. The right side of maxillary was anesthetized and depigmentation was done by Erbium, Chromium doped Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet [Er-Cr: YSGG] laser. Due to scores obtained from Diagnodent which indicated caries in dentin, the cavities were prepared by Er-Cr:YSGG laser. The cavities were restored by composite resin. The patient was advised to keep oral hygiene instructions and use mouthwash. The patient reported no pain after surgery and did not use any systemic antibiotic. After 4 weeks, complete healing was observed. Considering acceptable clinical outcome, Er-Cr: YSGG laser can be considered as an effective method for combination of soft and hard tissue treatment
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Bacteria are the primary etiology of pulpal and periradicular pathosis. In endodontically treated teeth with persistent infections only one or a few bacterial species are present of which the most important is Enterococcus faecalis. The aim of this study was to compare antibacterial efficacy of canal disinfectants including 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine, MTAD [a mixture of doxycycline, citric acid and a detergent [Tween 80] and 830 nm diode laser. The canals of 135 extracted single rooted human teeth were prepared using rotary instruments. The canals were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis for 4 weeks and then were divided into 4 groups of 30 teeth in each, a positive control group containing 10 teeth and a negative control group of 5 teeth. After using the disinfectants, samples obtained from canals by paper points and also shaving the canal walls were cultured. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the results. The results showed the bacterial reduction as follows: 99.97 +/- 0.14 for sodium hypochlorite, 99.65 +/- 1.13 for chlorhexidine, 97.56 +/- 6.36 for laser and 96.91 +/- 5.60 for MTAD. The count of CFU obtained from dentin shavings was: 16/96 +/- 91/23 for sodium hypochlorite, 82/73 +/- 186/63 for chlorhexidine, 47/26 +/- 112/21 for laser and 341/34 +/- 1139/83 for MTAD. According to the results, sodium hypochlorite was the most effective agent against Enterococcus faecalis
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Indirect composites are developed to overcome the shortcomings of direct composites but, the adhesion of resin cements to indirect composites is still difficult. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface morphology of indirect resin composite treated by different powers of Er:YAG laser using Scanning Electron Microscopy [SEM]. Indirect resin composite blocks [GC Gradia DA2, Japan] with 15× 10 × 10 mm dimensions were made according to manufacturer's instructions [n=7]. The bonding surface of these blocks were polished, then the samples were divided to seven groups as follow: Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet [Er:YAG]laser with output power of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7 W [frequency of 20 Hz, very short pulse] and no treatment. Then, the surfaces were evaluated by scanning electron microscope. The surface treated by Er:YAG laser showed a porous surface. But the amount and pattern of these irregularities differ in each group which may produce micromechanical retention compared to control group with no treatment. Er:YAG laser can be used as an alternative technique for surface treatment and roughening of indirect resin composites
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The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the in vitro effect of the Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet [Er:YAG] laser with different radiation distances and high-speed rotary treatment on the shear bond strength of flowable composite to enamel of human permanent posterior teeth. Freshly extracted human molar teeth with no caries or other surface defects were used in this study [n=45]. The teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group 1: treated with non-contact Er:YAG Laser and etched with Er:YAG laser, Group 2: treated with contact Er:YAG Laser and etched with Er:YAG laser, Group 3 [control]: treated with diamond fissure bur and etched with acid phosphoric 37%. Then the adhesive was applied on the rtemisi of the teeth and polymerized using a curing light appliance. Resin cylinders were fabricated from flowable composite. Shear bond strength was tested at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The amount of Shear Bond Strength [SBS] in the 3 treatment groups was not the same [P<0.05] .The group in which enamel surfaces were treated with diamond fissure bur and etched with acid [rtemis group] had the highest mean shear bond strength [19.92 +/- 4.76] and the group in which the enamel surfaces were treated with contact Er:YAG laser and etched with Er:YAG laser had the lowest mean shear bond strength [10.89 +/- 2.89]. Mann-whitney test with adjusted P-value detected significant difference in shear bond strength between the control group and the other 2 groups [P < 0.05]. It was concluded that both contact and non-contact Er:YAG laser treatment reduced shear bond strength of flowable resin composite to enamel in comparison with conventional treatment with high speed rotary. Different Er:YAG laser distance irradiations did not influence the shear bond strength of flowable composite to enamel
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Peri-implantitis is a state defined as an inflammatory reaction around osseointegrated implants, leading to progressive loss of supporting bone. Various treatment methods are suggested in the treatment of peri-implantitis and clinicians have to choose a method over a large number of treatment protocols. Lasers have shown promising therapeutic effect in treatment of peri-implantitis. However, some controversies have been found in clinical outcomes after using lasers. Therefore, we aimed to review the current literature over the past ten years for the use of lasers in treatment of peri-implantitis, via the Pubmed electronic database of the US National Library of Medicine. Fifteen human studies were reviewed. Er:YAG [Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet], CO2[Carbon Dioxide Laser] and Diode lasers were used. Despite inconsistencies and disharmonies among studies in terms of study design, positive treatment outcomes were obvious among the majority of them. However, short period of follow-ups and poor control of plaque index, as a critical confounding factor, were the major problems which these studies suffered from. It seems that one session laser therapy is not adequate for achieving optimal clinical outcome. Further studies with longer periods of follow-ups, intense control of plaque index, and various sessions of laser treatments are needed to clearly illustrate the clinical privilege of laser therapy
Subject(s)
Humans , Laser Therapy/surgery , Lasers, Solid-State , Lasers, Gas , Lasers, Semiconductor , Dental ImplantsABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is the evaluation of the amount of surface roughness [Ra] of Zirconia Ceramic following different surface treatments as well as the assessment of its shear bond strength to composite resin. 40 sintered zirconia ceramic block samples were randomly divided in 4 groups of 10 and underwent the following surface treatments: a] Control group without treatment b] Air abrasion with Al2O3 particles [50um] c] Er:YAG laser with 2W power for 10s d] Nd:YAG laser with 1.5W power for 2min Then the mean surface roughness [Ra] was evaluated by profilometer. In the next step, Alloy primer was used on a section of 9mm[2]on the samples following the manufacturer's instructions. After that Clearfil AP-X composite resin in cylinder shape with an internal diameter and height of 3mm were cured on the sections mentioned. At the end, all samples were tested to assess the shear bond strength by the Universal Testing Machine at a speed of 0.5mm/min until fracture occurred. The mean shear bond strengths were calculated and statistically analyzed by One Way ANOVA. ANOVA analysis showed that roughness [Ra] was significantly different between the groups [P
Subject(s)
Ceramics , Composite Resins , Shear Strength , Lasers, Solid-State , LasersABSTRACT
Today the prevalence of teeth decays has considerably decreased. Related organizations and institutions mention several reasons for it such as improvement of decay diagnostic equipment and tools which are even capable of detecting caries in their initial stages. This resulted in reduction of costs for patients and remarkable increase in teeth life span. There are many methods for decay diagnostic, like: visual and radiographic methods, devices with fluorescence such as Quantitative light-induced fluorescence [QLF], Vista proof, Laser fluorescence [LF or DIAGNOdent], Fluorescence Camera [FC] and Digital radiography. Although DIAGNOdent is considered a valuable device for decay diagnostic, there are concerns regarding its efficacy and accuracy. Considering the sensitivity of decay diagnosis and the exorbitant annual expenses supported by government and people for caries treatment, finding the best method for early caries detection is of the most importance. Numerous studies were performed to compare different diagnostic methods with conflicting results. The objective of this study is a comparative review of the efficiency of DIAGNOdent in comparison to visual methods and radiographic methods in the diagnostic of teeth occlusal surfaces. Search of PubMed, Google Scholar electronic resources was performed in order to find clinical trials in English in the period between 1998 and 2013. Full texts of only 35 articles were available. Considering the sensitivity and specificity reported in the different studies, it seems that DIAGNOdent is an appropriate modality for caries detection as a complementary method beside other methods and its use alone to obtain treatment plan is not enough.
Subject(s)
Humans , Lasers , Fluorescence , Radiographic Image Enhancement , Dental Fissures/diagnosis , Diagnostic Equipment , Sensitivity and Specificity , Dental Enamel/pathologyABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dental surface treatment with Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet[Er: YAG], Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet[Nd: YAG] and Carbon Dioxide Laser [CO[2]] lasers and sodium ascorbate to recently home bleached enamel by scanning electron microscope [SEM]. Thirty extracted human third molars were selected for this in vitro study. The teeth were randomly divided in two groups including home bleached group and control group [non-bleached]. In group 1, the samples were bleached by home bleach technique. No bleaching procedure was done in second the group which served as control group. Then, the samples of two groups were divided to five subgroups as follow: Subgroup 1: treated using Nd:YAG laser with output power of 1 W, Subgroup 2: treated using Er:YAG laser with output power of 0.5 W, Subgroup 3: treated using CO[2] laser with output power of 0.5 W, Subgroup 4: sodium ascorbate 10%, Subgroup 5: no treatment. After treatments, the surfaces were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscope [SEM] analysis. The surfaces treated by Nd:YAG laser showed some melting and recrystallized areas and in some area droplet pattern was observed. But the surface treated by Er:YAG laser showed irregular and micro porous surface with flake pattern. CO[2] laser treatment of home-bleached surfaces resulted in melting area and cracks. Sodium ascorbate did not change the home-bleached surface. Among different surface treatments used in this study, it seems that Er:YAG laser can best interact with home-bleached teeth.
Subject(s)
Lasers, Solid-State , Lasers, Gas , Ascorbic AcidABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to assess shear bond strength of composite to dentin after air abrasion and laser treatment. 40 human extracted molars divided into 4 groups [n=10] received the following treatments. Group 1: carbide bur, Group 2: air abrasion with aluminum oxide 50 microm, Group 3: irradiated with Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet [Er: YAG] laser [150 mJ/20Hz], Group 4: irradiated with Er: YAG laser [150 mJ/20Hz]+ air. Specimens in all groups were chemically etched with phosphoric acid 37% and treated with bonding agent [single bond 3M]. Then, composite build-up was performed by tygon tube. After storage in distilled water at 37°C for one week, all specimens were subjected to a shear bond strength test with universal testing machine. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and T-Test. The mean and standard deviation of shear bond strength of the 4 groups were 20.8 +/- 6.76, 14.98 +/- 3.98, 11.43 +/- 4.36 and 14.95 +/- 3.18 MPa, respectively. Air abrasion after laser treatment improved the shear bond strength
Subject(s)
Humans , Lasers, Solid-State , Lasers , Dentin , MolarABSTRACT
Vascular lesions rise from abnormalities in blood vessels or endothelial proliferation. Capillary hemangiomas are formed by small capillaries surrounded by a layer of endothelial cells in a connective tissue stroma. Various treatments are used for these conditions like excisional surgery, sclerotherapy, and recently laser irradiation. In this case study, we report successful treatment of intraoral capillary hemangioma by gallium/aluminum/arsenide [GaAlAs] laser. A 29 year old woman with a red lesion on the upper side of the right maxillary premolar was referred to private dental office. The Diode laser with wavelength of 810 nm was selected for treatment of the lesion in defocused mode by output power of 4 W in continuous mode. No bleeding was observed during surgery which provided better vision for surgeon and resulted in a minimally invasive procedure. According to results, Diode laser can be considered as a conservative modality in treatment of oral capillary hemangioma, especially in the esthetic zone
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Lasers, Semiconductor , Maxilla , Hemangioma, Capillary , Vascular Malformations , Mouth NeoplasmsABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological changes of human dentin after Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet [Er:YAG], Carbon Dioxide [CO[2]] laser-irradiation and acid-etching by means of scanning electron microscopic [SEM]. 9 extracted human third molars were used in this study. The teeth were divided in three groups: first group, CO[2] laser with power of 1.5 w and frequency of 80 Hz; second group, Er:YAG laser with output power of 1.5 W frequency of 10 Hz, very short pulse with water and air spray was applied; and third group, samples were prepared by acid-etching 37% for 15 sec and rinsed with air-water spray for 20 sec. Then, the samples were prepared for SEM examination. Melting and cracks can be observed in CO[2] laser but in Er:YAG laser cleaned ablated surfaces and exposed dentinal tubules, without smear layer was seen.. It can be concluded that Er:YAG laser can be an alternative technique for surface treatment and can be considered as safe as the conventional methods. But CO[2] laser has some thermal side effects which make this device unsuitable for this purpose
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Laser surgery as an alternative for conventional surgical procedure has gained special attention. Using Carbon Dioxide [CO[2]] laser has some benefits like less post-operative pain, swelling and infection, decrease in risk of metastasis and edema, and less bleeding providing dry sites for surgery. A 12 years old boy with lingual frenum with indication for excision was referred to the laser department of Tehran University of medical sciences dental school. CO[2] laser was used with 10600 nm wavelength, 1.5 W output power, 100 Hz frequency and 400 micro sec pulse duration in non-contact mode. The result of using CO[2] laser was dry and bloodless field during operation, no post operative swelling, no pain or discomfort, with normal healing process. We suggest and stimulate the use of CO[2] laser for soft tissue surgery because of elimination of suture, convenient coagulation, time saving, patients' comfort and easy manipulation
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Recent use of lasers for porcelain surface treatment for adhesion of brackets to restorations has not only showed some promising results, but is also accompanied with less undesirable effects among other advantages. The purpose of this study is the comparative electron microscope evaluation of feldspathic porcelain surfaces under irradiation by Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet [Nd:YAG] with different powers [0.75, 1.5 and 2W] via the acid etching with hydrofluoric acid [HF] technique. The glazed porcelain samples were obtained by duplicating labial surfaces of maxillary central incisor teeth. The specimens were randomly treated by 4 different methods. Group1 was etched with hydrofluoric acid 9.6%. Samples in group 2 to 4 were also irradiated by Nd:YAG laser with different powers: 0.75, 1.5 and 2W. Then the samples were prepared for evaluation by scanning electron microscope [SEM]. Etching quality from a porosity point of view was similar for group2 and HF group. Laser with power of 0.75W has little potential to create mechanical porosity. In regard of the results of this study, it is possible to benefit from Nd:YAG laser with appropriate parameters for surface conditioning
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The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the Scanning electron microscope [SEM] of indirect composite conditioned by Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet [Er:YAG] laser, Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet [Nd:YAG] laser and Carbon Dioxide [CO[2]] laser. 18 indirect composite blocks [GC Gradia DA2, Japan] with 15 x 10 x 10 mm dimensions were made. The bonding surface of these blocks were polished, then the samples were divided into six groups as follow: Er:YAG laser with output power of 0.5 W and frequency of 10 Hz, Nd:YAG laser with output power of 0.25, 0.5 W and frequency of 10 Hz, CO[2] laser with output power of 0.5 W and frequency of 10 Hz and 5 Hz, and no treatment. Then, the surfaces were evaluated by SEM. Irregularities were observed in Er:YAG laser samples compared to control group that produced suitable retention for adhesion of cements. Nd:YAG and CO[2] lasers showed melting areas. Among different lasers, Er:YAG laser can be used as an alternative technique for surface treatment of indirect composites
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The aim of this study was to investigate the Scanning Electron Microscope [SEM] analysis of tooth surface irradiated by different parameters of Er:YAG laser. 15 caries-free extracted human third molars were used in this study. The teeth were put into 5 groups for laser irradiation as follows: Group 1 [power: 2.5 W, Energy: 250 mJ]; Group 2[power: 3 W, Energy: 300 mJ]; Group 3 [power: 3.5 W, Energy: 350 mJ]; Group 4 [power: 4 W, Energy: 400 mJ]; Group 5 [power: 4.5 W, Energy: 450 mJ]. All samples were prepared by repetition rate of 10 Hz. Then, the samples were prepared for SEM examination. The SEM images showed cleaned ablated surface and exposed dentinal tubules, without production of smear layer. It can be concluded that Er:YAG laser can be an alternative technique for surface treatment and can be considered as safe as the conventional methods, like turbine and bur